扩大壁细胞迷走神经切断术治疗十二指肠溃疡急性穿孔176例

目的探讨扩大壁细胞迷走神经切断术（EPCV）治疗十二指肠溃疡并发急性穿孔的远期临床疗效。方法对1979年以来采用EPCV治疗的176例十二指肠溃疡并发急性穿孔患者的临床资料进行总结,分析评价疗效,评价内容包括术后并发症发生率、溃疡复发率、胃排空功能、胃镜和上消化道钡餐检查结果和营养状态及Visick分级。结果全组患者有153例（86.9%）获得5年随访。无手术死亡者。进食后上腹发生间断性胀痛13例（8.5%）,有时返酸12例（7.8%）,经服用吗叮啉可缓解。出现粘连性肠梗阻行粘连松解术4例（2.6%）,溃疡复发4例（2.6%）,均发生在术后2-3年内。浅表性胃炎21例（13.7%）,十二指肠球部变形31例（20.3%）,胃窦蠕动功能较好,胃排空功能正常。全组无贫血发生,体重增加者116例（75.8%）。Visick改良分级,146例为Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级,优良率占95.4%,Ⅲ级3例（2.0%）,Ⅳ级4例（2.6%）。结论EPCV术具有手术操作简便、术后并发症较少、溃疡复发率低、患者术后远期营养状况良好、生活质量较高的优良疗效,是治疗十二指肠溃疡并发急性穿孔首选的安全有效术式之一。     

模特征对伴单侧坐骨神经痛的腰椎间盘突出症的诊断价值

目的：介绍与验证一种反映腰椎间盘突出伴单侧坐骨神经痛的体征——模特征。方法：选取72例经腰椎MRI证实有腰椎间盘突出（L4，532例，L5／S1 40例）并伴单侧坐骨神经痛的患者，男49例，女23例，年龄32～68岁，平均50．7岁。每例患者人院当日由两位医师间隔2h分别检查，患者背对检查者，嘱其取最能缓解坐骨神经痛的站立姿势，若患者出现患侧屈髋屈膝、骨盆倾向患侧的姿势，记为“模特征阳性”，否则记为“模特征阴性”。同时行直腿抬高试验（SLR），阳性患者记录诱发下肢放射痛的最小角度。结果：70例患者两检查者结果完全相同，其中阳性60例，阴性10例，敏感性为85．7％；仅2例患者两检查者结果不一致，重复性97．2％。SLR均为阳性。结论：模特征是诊断伴单侧坐骨神经痛腰椎间盘突出症的简单、敏感的临床体征。     

丙型肝炎病毒核心蛋白在患者外周血单个核细胞内的核表达检测

目的　检测和研究丙型肝炎病毒 (hepatitisCvirus,HCV)核心蛋白在患者外周血单个核细胞 (peripheralbloodmononuclearcells ,PBMC)内核表达的意义 ,并探讨其与临床的关系。方法　对 6 6例慢性丙型肝炎患者PBMC标本进行免疫组化检测 ,并将HCV蛋白抗原定位分布情况与患者临床状况进行比较分析 ,对其中 2 7例患者PBMC进行HCVRNA和HCVAg的平行检测和分析。结果　免疫组化结果显示 ,慢性丙型肝炎患者PBMCHCVAg(core +NS3)阳性检出率为 77 2 7% (5 1 6 6 )。结果还证实 ,HCV核心蛋白均定位于胞核内 ,且呈强表达 ;NS3蛋白主要定位于胞质内 ,呈弱表达。当进行HCVAg在PBMC内定位情况与患者临床状况比较分析时显示 ,病情较重患者PBMC内核心蛋白表达阳性率 (35 2 9% )明显高于病情较轻者 (5 88% ) (P <0 0 0 1)。结论　HCV核心蛋白在PBMC内核表达与患者临床状况相关 ,提示其可能是丙型肝炎慢性化的一个指标 ,并可能在肝硬化和肝癌发生上起一定作用     

玻璃化解冻和慢速解冻在程序化冷冻胚胎解冻移植中的比较研究

目的探讨玻璃化解冻(vitrificative thawing,VT)和慢速解冻(slow thawing,ST)对程序化冷冻胚胎解冻移植的影响,优化程序化冷冻胚胎的解冻方案,从而提高不孕不育临床治疗效果。方法选取2016年1月至2018年12月解放军第九六〇医院生殖医学中心行解冻胚胎移植的400例患者,使用随机数分配的方式(Excel数据随机分组),分为VT组(200例)和ST组(200例),比较两组患者最初施行体外受精-胚胎移植(invitro fertilization-embryo transfer,IVF-ET)时的基本情况、胚胎发育情况及本次移植胚胎复苏情况、移植情况和临床妊娠结局。结果两组患者年龄、不孕年限、获卵数、促性腺激素(gonadotropins,Gn)用量和基础促卵泡成熟激素(follicle stimulating hormone,FSH)值等基本情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组MⅡ卵率(metaphase II egg rate)、受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、可用胚胎率和冷冻胚胎率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。但VT组的胚胎复苏完整率和复苏可用率(88.34%、97.51%)明显高于ST组(72.47%、82.23%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);两组患者胚胎移植日移植次数、移植胚胎数和内膜厚度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组临床妊娠结局比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论VT可以显著提高程序化冷冻胚胎的复苏效果,提高程序化冷冻胚胎患者的胚胎利用率,可以考虑成为ST的较好替代方案。     

Scientific connotation of “treating different diseases with the same method” from the perspective of metabolic–immune dysregulation in inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis of digestive organs

Inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis develops in the context of chronic inflammation and is a significant cause of cancer within the digestive system. In the chronic inflammation microenvironment, the metabolic activity of tissue cells undergoes extensive changes, which interfere with the normal function of immune cells. Dysregulation of cell metabolism and immune function has been identified as a key factor contributing to inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis within the major digestive organs, such as the stomach, liver, and colorectum. This metabolic–immune imbalance also corresponds to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories of “yin-yang disharmony” and “disharmony between Ying-nutrients and Wei-defense.” The metabolic–immune imbalance has also been regarded as the key factor supporting “treatment of different diseases with the same method,” in which the same approach is adopted in the treatment of different conditions. In the TCM treatment process, it is necessary to first identify TCM patterns and then apply the corresponding TCM to correct the dysregulated metabolic and immune function, thereby blocking the progression from inflammation to malignancy. Our study findings deepen the TCM understanding of metabolic–immune dysregulation and the relationship between metabolic–immune dysregulation, pattern identification, and treatment method. They also provide new insights for the treatment of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis in major digestive organs and help us further explore the scientific connotation of the TCM strategy of “treating different diseases with the same method.     

应重视股骨颈骨折的内固定手术治疗

正随着老龄化社会的到来,面临着越来越多的老年髋部骨折患者,其中股骨颈骨折的治疗并不能令人满意,虽然髋关节置换技术的广泛开展使患者可以较快的恢复功能活动,但也面临着许多这部分患者多年后人工关节翻修的手术,而这种翻修手术对患者创伤更大效果也不尽满意,     

Clinical Features and Mid-Term and Long-Term Outcomes of Surgical Treatment of 8 Patients with Primary Ventricular Tumors

OBJECTIVE To summarize the clinical features and surgical treatment of primary ventricular tumors. METHODS Eight patients with primary ventricular tumor, aged 3 to 52 years, underwent surgical treatment. There were 6 males and 2 females. The pathological diagnoses were as follows: multiple left ventricular myxomas in 2 cases; left ventricular rhabclomyoma, fibroma and malignant neurolemmoma in 1 case for each; right ventricular myxoma and malignant neurolemmoma in 1 case for each; intraseptal fibroma in 1 case. The operations were performed through median sternotomy with moderate hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass in 7 cases; via left anterolateral thoracotomy without extracorporeal circulation in 1 case. Tumors were totally removed in 7 cases and subtotally resectecl in 1 case. RESULTS Cardiac arrest after anaesthetization occurred in 1 case with postoperative coma for 10 days. One case died of massive gastro-intestinal hemorrhage postoperatively. Seven cases survived, During a follow-up period of 1 to 21 years, there was no recurrence or metastasis in the 6 cases who received complete tumor resection including 2 cases with malignant tumor. One case of partial tumor removal had a mild heart murmur without tumor progression. All patients were asymptomatic with cardiac functiongrade I. CONCLUSION Primary ventricular tumors showed diversity in their histological characteristics. The mid- and long-term outcomes of surgical treatment for primary ventricular tumors appear to be satisfactory.     

伊立替康治疗结直肠癌相关胆碱能综合征89例

目的:观察和分析伊立替康治疗结直肠癌相关胆碱能综合征的发生情况.方法:应用2种FOLFIRI方案治疗转移性结直肠癌患者89例,观察和记录胆碱能综合征发生情况,并将其与患者临床资料、其他不良反应和所应用的治疗方案进行相关性分析.结果:53例(59.6%)患者发生胆碱能综合征,中位发生时间为伊立替康开始滴注后150min(30min-25h),绝大多数在用药后24h内逐渐消退,预防性应用阿托品可以有效预防胆碱能综合征发生;≥60岁老年患者胆碱能综合征明显高发(75.9%vs51.7%,P=0.029),未发现其与性别、ECOG评分等临床特征有关;出现胆碱能综合征患者迟发性腹泻有减少趋势(52.8%vs34.0%,P=0.077),未发现胆碱能综合征与其他不良反应相关;采用高剂量氟尿嘧啶治疗方案患者黏膜炎明显高发(50.0%vs27.5%,P=0.029).结论:伊立替康相关胆碱能综合征高发,应引起临床医生重视;胆碱能综合征对后续可能发生的迟发性腹泻和/或骨髓抑制无预测作用.     

图像引导对宫颈癌放疗中直肠、膀胱照射剂量的影响

目的 分析宫颈癌根治性外照射图像引导与否对直肠和膀胱受照剂量的影响,探讨IGRT技术合理应用的模式。方法 选取2012—2016年于陆军总院行HT的宫颈癌患者20例。每次治疗前均进行MVCT扫描,应用MVCT图像在HT的自适应模块上进行剂量重建,得到当次的受量,并模拟出该次无图像引导下的受量;将各单次剂量分布和对应的融合CT图像传输至形变软件MIM6.0中进行剂量叠加,得到总照射剂量。对比图像引导与否对直肠及膀胱受量和体积的影响。结果 无图像引导的Plan-2的直肠和膀胱受量均高于图像引导下的Plan-1,其中直肠Dmax、V50及膀胱V50均不同(P=0.040、0.000、0.047);分次间初次治疗的Dmax和V50及治疗第13~21次的直肠V50与Plan-1比差异有统计学意义(P=0.047、0.037,P=0.009、0.017、0.028),首次及21~23次放疗的膀胱Vmax、V50与Plan-1比接近有统计学意义(P=0.061、0.053,P=0.072、0.058)。结论 图像引导可以降低直肠和膀胱的受照剂量及体积,尤其是直肠从图像引导获益更大;建议外照射半量左右(13次左右),肿瘤退缩明显时段,重新定位修改治疗计划;对于难以实现全程图像引导的情况下,进行选择性的图像引导,也可以达到有效地降低直肠和膀胱损伤发生的效果。